مجله سلامت جامعه
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Given the importance of education in promoting behaviors to prevent cardiovascular diseases, this study aims to investigate the effect of training intervention based on the health belief model on the diseases preventive behaviors in health workers of Rafsanjan.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 79 health workers of Rafsanjan city in 2019. The samples were selected purposively and divided into intervention and control groups randomly. Specific questionnaires of demographic information and health belief model were completed in two sessions before and after the intervention. For the intervention group, four 45-minute training sessions were provided, while no training intervention was implemented for the control group. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, fisher's exact test, and chi-square (χ2) tests of the SPSS Version 18 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the mean scores of awareness (p>0.004), perceived sensitivity (p>0.001), perceived severity (p=0.002), perceived benefits (p>0.001), self-efficiency (p>0.001), and preventive behaviors from cardiovascular diseases (p>0.001) increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group.

This study showed that health belief model-based training could effectively improve the preventive behaviors from cardiovascular diseases.

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder. Recently, some studies have shown that the amino acid taurine may be effective in preventing and improving the effects of some metabolic diseases. This study aims to determine the effect of resistance training with taurine supplementation on fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and GLUT4 in soleus muscle tissue of type2 diabetic mice.

In this experimental study, forty male Wistar rats, weighing 215 to 230 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: healthy control, diabetic control, taurine, resistance training, and resistance training with taurine. HFD-STZ (High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin) method was used to induce type 2 diabetes. Resistance training was performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks, with an intensity of 30% to 100% of body weight. 250 mg of taurine per kg of body weight was used in two groups of taurine and exercise with taurine. One-way analysis of variance was used in the research.

Induction of diabetes resulted in decreased (GLUT4), increased glucose, and insulin resistance in diabetic specimens. 8 weeks of resistance training, taurine supplementation, and resistance training with taurine caused a significant reduction in fasting glucose (F=2896.90, p=0.4040), insulin resistance (F=1471.43, p=0.0010), and an increase in GLUT4 content (F=1936.18, p=0.0020). There was no significant difference in the changes between the two diabetic groups of exercise and taurine. However, the exercise group with taurine had a significant difference in the rate of change compared to the other two experimental groups.

Combining exercise with taurine (for 8 weeks) can have beneficial effects on the variables of this study in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Pregnancy, as one of the most stressful life events, leads to physical, psychological, and social changes. Stress inoculation training is one of the effective strategies to deal with changes during pregnancy. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training on the sense of coherence and psychological distress in pregnant women.

This research was quasi-experimental with the control group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all pregnant women referred to Sari’s Imam hospital. 30 pregnant women were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received stress inoculation training about 8 sessions, once a week for 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. The research instrument included the questionnaire of sense of coherence and psychological distress. Data were analyzed using a chi-square test, independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The experimental and control groups in the pretest stage showed no significant difference concerning the sense of coherence and psychological distress (p>0/05); however, in the posttest stage, a significant difference was observed in the three mentioned variables (p < 0/001).Multivariate analysis of covariance also showed that stress inoculation training is effective on the sense of personal cohesion and psychological distress of pregnant women (p < 0.001).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that stress inoculation training is a suitable method to increase the sense of coherence and reduce psychological distress among pregnant women.

Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases and death causes in the world. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology intervention on posttraumatic growth, self-compassion, and hopein women with breast cancer.

This research was a semi-free study with a control group. The statistical population included women with breast cancer referred to Firoozgar Hospital and Tehran Cancer Prevention and Control Center (Macsa), of whom 30 patients were selected and assigned to each of the experimental and control groups. Members of the experimental group were trained in positive psychology. The Posttraumatic Growth Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, and Snyder's HopeScale were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using a mixed ANOVA test.

The results of mixed variance analysis showed positivist psychology education to be an effective technique to improve posttraumatic growth disorder, self-compassion, and hope in cancer patients (p<0.005).

According to this research results, in treating this cancer, along with the usual medical treatments, a positive psychological intervention can be used to improve posttraumatic growth, self-compassion, and hope of patients, thus achieving better treatment results.

Chronic low-back pain is one of the psycho-physiological disorders with a high prevalence, resulting in severe health and economic consequences. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy on pain perception in males with chronic low-back pain.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control group with 2 months follow-up. The statistical population included all men with chronic low-back pain referred to the Trauma and Pain Clinic of the Healing Neuroscience Research Center at Khatam Ol-Anbia Hospital in Tehran in 2019. Using the available sampling method, 45people were selected and randomly assigned to three equal groups. Therapeutic interventions for each treatment approach were applied in 8 sessions once a week, and each session lasted 90minutes for the experimental groups; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. A researcher-made demographic information checklist and McGill pain questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance.

There was a significant difference in the linear composition of the pain perception variables, as well as its dimensions, including pain sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous in terms of group membership at the three stages of pretest, posttest, and follow-up, and the interactive effect of the group and time (p < 0.05). Besides, the two treatment groups (positivist psychology and cognitive-behavioral therapy) showed significant differences with the control group in terms of the components of pain perception and its dimensions (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two treatments (p>0.05).

Positive psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy effectively improve pain perception in patients with chronic low-back pain. Thus, these programs can be recommended as adjunctive therapy to trauma and pain clinics.

Today, across the world, the safety and health of staff and the environment protection are more than necessary. This study aims to identify institutions and institutional demands, as well as their prioritization, to map the institutional network of the Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex to prevent accidents resulting from work and environmental hazards. 

This is an applied and developmental research. The statistical population was personnel of the Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex in 2018. The statistical sample was 115 experts, and the sampling method was purposeful. Interviews were performed for data collection, and the statistical methodology was social network analysis. Centrality indexes were used to prioritize institutional demands, institutions, and organizational affairs.

The safety, health, and environmental demands were grouped into 5 categories and 15 sub-categories. The top-priority institutions' demands were preventing environmental and natural resource degradation, removing air and soil pollution (0.290), as well as monitoring standard or regulation and safety management or occupational health to assure their observance (0.263). The main institutions in safety, health, and environmental demands were the Ministry of Cooperative Labor and Social Welfare (0.344), the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (0.306), Insurance Organizations (0.134), Department of Environment (0.120), and Department of Natural Resources (0.120).

To institutionalize safety and health and protect the environment, increasingly effective interaction with the institutions mentioned above is necessary. These interactionsare effective steps in an organization's legitimacy and survival.

Obesity is one of the causative factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies such as physical activity are useful in its prevention and treatment. The present study aims to investigate the effect of combined training on fatty liver grade, liver dimensions, and liver enzymes in obese or overweight women with fatty liver.

In the present semi-experimental research, 22 women with fatty liver in Shahrood in 2018 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two equal training and control groups. Training group performed Aerobic Interval Training (2-5 sets of 4 minutes, the intensity of 70-75% of HR
max,
2 minutes active rest) with resistance training (6 stations with 8-12 repetitions, 2-4 circuits) for 12 weeks, 3 times a week. The control group did not perform any activity during this period. Body composition, ultrasound, and blood samples were measured before and after 12 weeks of training. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.

The results showed that 12 weeks of combined training significantly reduced dimension and grade of the fatty liver compared with the control group (p<0/001 and p=0/009, respectively); further, a nonsignificant decrease was observed in Alanine Amino Transferees levels. The effect of combined training on weight and body mass index was not significant.

Given that the combined training program (resistance and aerobic interval) of the present study reduced liver fat independent of weight loss, women with fatty liver may be able to use this program as an adjunct non-pharmacological treatment to improve fatty liver.

Theoretical advances in research have provided the necessary basis for conceptualizing headache as a psychiatric physiological disorder, eventually leading to using behavioral and psychological treatments. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the pain severity and resistance in women with chronic headaches.

This study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest follow-up with the control group. Its population consisted of all women with headaches referred to the Governmental Neurological Clinic of Parsabad city in 2020. Thirty patients diagnosed with chronic headaches by a psychiatrist or neurologist were selected using purposive sampling and were randomly divided into three groups. The treatment groups received 8 sessions of 1.5 hours treatment specifically; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. The collected data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test.

The mean of pain severity and resistance in the pretest in the emotion-based therapy group, acceptance & commitment-based therapy group, and control group was 8.50, 43.00, 8.70, 42.10, and 8.40, 43.50 (p<0.816 and p<0.860), respectively. The results showed an insignificant effect of emotion-focused therapy (6.70, 59.80) and acceptance & commitment-based therapy (4.80, 66.30), compared to the control group (8.20, 42.80), in the posttest. There was a decrease in the pain severity and an increase in resistance in women with chronic headaches (p<0.001). The results also showed that the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the severity of pain and resistance in posttest and follow-up was more than that of emotional therapy (p<0.001).

Emotion-focused therapy and acceptance & commitment-based therapy reduce the severity of pain by increasing the resistance of patients with chronic headaches, thus being considered a useful preventive strategy.

 This study was conducted to determine the factors related to infant formula milk consumption in Rafsanjan in 2016.

 This study was a descriptive study conducted on 372 mothers referred to Rafsanjan health centers with children under one-year-old consuming formula milk. Frequency and percentage were used to describe qualitative data, while mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables.

 The mean age of mothers was 23.61 ± 4.87 years. The mean age of the formula onset was 40.71 ± 39.46 days. 208 mothers (55.9%) had the highest frequency as the initiator of formula milk consumption. The most common causes related to this issue were maternal perceptions of insufficient milk with 206 individuals (55.4%) and poor infant weight gain with 107 individuals (28.8%), respectively.

 The results showed that mothers have a key role in formula milk consumption. Educational programs that strengthen mothers' beliefs may be needed to continue breastfeeding.